Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: This is the most common material used in the absorbent core. It is highly absorbent and provides a soft, comfortable feel.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: SAP is a synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid. It is often mixed with wood pulp to enhance the pad’s absorbency.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, non-irritating, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, nonwoven fabric is lightweight, breathable, and soft to the touch.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet, which allows liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material for the back sheet due to its waterproof properties and flexibility.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Some high-end pads use a breathable film that allows air to circulate while still preventing leaks.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid damaging the fabric. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: This type of adhesive is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: This adhesive remains tacky at room temperature and bonds upon application of light pressure.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This paper is coated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess several key properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is crucial for preventing leaks and maintaining comfort.
– **Softness**: Materials that come into contact with the skin must be soft and non-irritating to prevent discomfort and skin irritation.
– **Breathability**: Breathable materials help to reduce moisture buildup, which can lead to discomfort and skin issues.
– **Flexibility**: The pad must be flexible enough to conform to the body’s shape, ensuring a secure fit and preventing leaks.
– **Durability**: The materials must be durable enough to withstand the stresses of daily use without breaking down or losing their effectiveness.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide a balance of absorbency, comfort, and safety. Understanding the composition and properties of these materials can help consumers make informed choices and ensure they are using products that meet their needs.